What Animal Looks Like A Squirrel But Is Bigger

Genus of mammals (big ground squirrels)

Not to be confused with Marmoset.

Marmots Temporal range: Late Miocene – recent
Yellow-bellied marmot (Marmota flaviventris)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Grade:	Mammalia
Social club:	Rodentia
Family:	Sciuridae
Tribe:	Marmotini
Genus:	Marmota Blumenbach, 1779
Blazon species
Marmota marmota
Species
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Marmots are big basis squirrels in the genus Marmota , with 15 species living in Asia, Europe, and North America. These herbivores are active during the summer when oftentimes found in groups, but are non seen during the winter when they hibernate underground. They are the heaviest members of the squirrel family.^[1]

Description [edit]

Marmots are large rodents with characteristically brusk just robust legs, enlarged claws which are well adapted to digging, stout bodies, and big heads and incisors to speedily process a variety of vegetation. While most species are diverse forms of earthen-hued brownish, marmots vary in fur coloration based roughly on their environment. Species in more open up habitat are more than likely to have a paler color, while those sometimes constitute in well-forested regions tend to be darker.^{[ii] [3]} Marmots are the heaviest members of the squirrel family. Total length varies typically from virtually 42 to 72 cm (17 to 28 in) and torso mass averages about 2 kg (iv+ 1⁄2  lb) in spring in the smaller species and 8 kg (18 lb) in autumn, at times exceeding xi kg (24 lb), in the larger species.^{[4] [5] [vi]} The largest and smallest species are not clearly known.^{[three] [4]} In North America, on the basis of mean linear dimensions and body masses through the yr, the smallest species appears to be the Alaska marmot and the largest is the Olympic marmot.^{[5] [7] [8] [6]} Some species, such as the Himalayan marmot and Tarbagan marmot in Asia, appear to attain roughly similar torso masses to the Olympic marmot, but are not known to reach as loftier a total length as the Olympic species.^{[9] [10]} In the traditional definition of hibernation, the largest marmots are considered the largest "true hibernators" (since larger "hibernators" such every bit bears do not accept the same physiological characteristics as obligate hibernating animals such as assorted rodents, bats and insectivores).^{[xi] [12]}

Biology [edit]

Some species live in mountainous areas, such as the Alps, northern Apennines, Carpathians, Tatras, and Pyrenees in Europe; northwestern Asia; the Rocky Mountains, Black Hills, the Cascade and Pacific Ranges, and the Sierra Nevada in North America; and the Deosai Plateau in Pakistan and Ladakh in India. Other species prefer crude grassland and can exist found widely across North America and the Eurasian Steppe. The slightly smaller and more than social prairie domestic dog is not classified in the genus Marmota, but in the related genus Cynomys.

Marmots typically live in burrows (often inside rockpiles, particularly in the case of the yellow-bellied marmot), and hibernate there through the winter. Most marmots are highly social and use loud whistles to communicate with one some other, especially when alarmed.

Marmots mainly eat greens and many types of grasses, berries, lichens, mosses, roots, and flowers.

Subgenera and species [edit]

The following is a list of all Marmota species recognized by Thorington and Hoffman^[13] plus the recently defined Chiliad. kastschenkoi.^[14] They divide marmots into two subgenera.

• Genus Marmota – marmots
  • Subgenus Marmota
    • Alaska marmot, Brower'due south marmot, or Brooks Range marmot, M. broweri found in Alaska
    • Alpine marmot, M. marmota found only in Europe in the Alps, Carpathian Mountains, Tatra Mountains, northern Apennine Mountains, and reintroduced in the Pyrenees
    • Black-capped marmot, Grand. camtschatica plant in eastern Siberia
    • Bobak marmot, Chiliad. bobak found from eastern Europe to primal Asia
    • Forest-steppe marmot, G. kastschenkoi establish in s Russia^[14]
    • Greyness marmot or Altai marmot, M. baibacina found in Siberia
    • Groundhog, woodchuck, or whistlepig, M. monax institute in much of Canada and east of the Mississippi in northern Us
    • Himalayan marmot or Tibetan snowfall grunter, Thousand. himalayana constitute in the Himalayas
    • Long-tailed marmot, golden marmot, or cerise marmot, M. caudata found in central Asia
    • Menzbier's marmot, M. menzbieri institute in cardinal Asia
    • Tarbagan marmot, Mongolian marmot, or tarvaga, M. sibirica establish in Siberia
  • Subgenus Petromarmota
    • Hoary marmot, M. caligata plant in northwestern North America (Alaska, Yukon, British Columbia, Washington, Montana)
    • Olympic marmot, Grand. olympus endemic to the Olympic Peninsula, Washington, United States
    • Vancouver Island marmot, M. vancouverensis endemic to Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada
    • Yellow-bellied marmot, K. flaviventris plant in southwestern Canada and western United States

Additionally, four extinct species of marmots are recognized from the fossil record:

• †Marmota arizonae, Arizona, U.South.^{[fifteen] [16]}
• †Marmota minor, Nevada, U.S.^[17]
• †Marmota robusta, Mainland china^{[ citation needed ]}
• †Marmota vetus, Nebraska, U.S.^[xviii]

History and etymology [edit]

Marmota primigenia fossil

Marmots take been known since antiquity. Research past the French ethnologist Michel Peissel claimed the story of the "Gilded-digging ant" reported by the Aboriginal Greek historian Herodotus, who lived in the fifth century BCE, was founded on the golden Himalayan marmot of the Deosai Plateau and the habit of local tribes such as the Brokpa to collect the aureate dust excavated from their burrows.^[19]

An anatomically accurate paradigm of a marmot was printed and distributed every bit early as 1605 by Jacopo Ligozzi, who was noted for his images of flora and fauna.

The etymology of the term "marmot" is uncertain. Information technology may take arisen from the Gallo-Romance prefix marm-, meaning to mumble or murmur (an example of onomatopoeia). Some other possible origin is postclassical Latin, mus montanus, meaning "mountain mouse".^[20]

Beginning in 2010, Alaska celebrates February 2 as "Marmot Day", a holiday intended to find the prevalence of marmots in that state and take the place of Groundhog Day.^[21]

Relationship to the Blackness Death [edit]

A number of historians and paleogeneticists had postulated that the Yersinia pestis variant that acquired the pandemic that struck Eurasia in the 14th century originated from a variant for which marmots in China were the natural reservoir species.^{[22] [23]}

Examples of species [edit]

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  Golden Marmot in Kashmir

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  Olympic marmot (Marmota olympus)

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References [edit]

1. ^ Kryštufek, B.; B. Vohralík (2013). "Taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic rodents (Rodentia). Part two. Sciuridae: Urocitellus, Marmota and Sciurotamias". Lynx, N. Due south. (Praha). 44: 27–138.
2. ^ Armitage, KB; Wolff, JO; Sherman, Pow (2007). Evolution of sociality in marmots: information technology begins with hibernation. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press. pp. 356–367.
3. ^ ^{a b} Cardini, A; O'Higgins, Paul (2004). "Patterns of morphological evolution in Marmota (Rodentia, Sciuridae): geometric morphometrics of the cranium in the context of marmot phylogeny, environmental, and conservation". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 82 (3): 385–407. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2004.00367.ten.
4. ^ ^{a b} Armitage, KB; Blumstein, DT (2002). Body-mass diverseness in marmots. Holarctic marmots every bit a factor of biodiversity. Moscow: ABF. pp. 22–32.
5. ^ ^{a b} Edelman, AJ (2003). "Marmota olympus". Mammalian Species. 2003 (736): i–5. doi:10.1644/736. S2CID 198129914.
6. ^ ^{a b} Armitage, KB; Downhower, JF; Svendsen, GE (1976). "Seasonal changes in weights of marmots". American Midland Naturalist. 96 (one): 36–51. doi:10.2307/2424566. JSTOR 2424566.
7. ^ Barash, David P. (1989). Marmots: Social Behavior and Ecology . Stanford, California: Stanford Academy Press. ISBN978-0-8047-1534-8.
8. ^ Hubbart, JA (2011). "Current Understanding of the Alaska Marmot (Marmota broweri): A Sensitive Species in a Changing Environment". Periodical of Biology and Life Sciences. ii (two): 6–13.
9. ^ Murdoch, JD; Munkhzul, T; Buyandelger, S; Reading, RP; Sillero-Zubiri, C (2009). "The Endangered Siberian marmot Marmota sibirica as a keystone species? Observations and implications of burrow utilize by corsac foxes Vulpes corsac in Mongolia". Oryx. 43 (3): 431–434. doi:10.1017/S0030605309001100.
10. ^ Chaudhary, 5; Tripathi, RS; Singh, S; Raghuvanshi, MS (2017). "Distribution and population of Himalayan Marmot Marmota himalayana (Hodgson, 1841)(Mammalia: Rodentia: Sciuridae) in Leh-Ladakh, Jammu & Kashmir, India". Periodical of Threatened Taxa. nine (xi): 10886–10891. doi:10.11609/jott.3336.nine.11.10886-10891.
11. ^ Armitage, KB (1999). "Evolution of sociality in marmots". Periodical of Mammalogy. lxxx (ane): 1–10. doi:10.2307/1383202. JSTOR 1383202.
12. ^ Nedergaard, J; Cannon, B (1990). "Mammalian hibernation". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Order of London. B, Biological Sciences. 326 (1237): 669–686. Bibcode:1990RSPTB.326..669N. doi:10.1098/rstb.1990.0038. PMID 1969651.
13. ^ Thorington, R. West., Jr., and R. Due south. Hoffman. (2005). "Family Sciuridae". Mammal Species of the Globe: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, pp. 754–818. D. Eastward. Wilson and D. M. Reeder, eds. Johns Hopkins University Printing, Baltimore.
14. ^ ^{a b} Brandler, OV (2003). "On species status of the wood-steppe marmot Marmota kastschenkoi (Rodentia, Marmotinae)". Zoologičeskij žurnal (in Russian). 82 (12): 1498–1505.
15. ^ GBIF Secretariat. "Marmota arizonae GBIF Backbone Taxonomy". Retrieved thirty April 2017.
16. ^ "Marmota arizonae Hay".
17. ^ Paleobiology Database. "Marmota minor". Retrieved 30 April 2017.
18. ^ GBIF Secretariat. "Marmota vetus GBIF Backbone Taxonomy". Retrieved 30 Apr 2017.
19. ^ Peissel, Michel. "The Ants' Gold: The Discovery of the Greek El Dorado in the Himalayas". Collins, 1984. ISBN 978-0-00-272514-9.
20. ^ "Marmot". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating establishment membership required.)
21. ^ The Associated Printing. "Alaska to Gloat its First Marmot Day" Archived 2010-02-05 at the Wayback Car, Fairbanks Daily News-Miner. February. 1, 2010. Accessed February. 1, 2010.
22. ^ Smithsonian Magazine. "Did the Black Death Rampage Across the Globe a Century Earlier Than Previously Thought?", March 25, 2021. Accessed March 27, 2010.
23. ^ The American Historical Review. "The Iv Black Deaths", December 17, 2020. Accessed March 27, 2010.

External links [edit]

• The Marmot Couch
• International Marmot Network

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marmot

Posted by: teelbremandes.blogspot.com

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